Treatment Altering Factors:

References

Organ Dysfunctions

Hepatic dysfunctions/Excessive alcohol intake

  • Chandok N, Watt KD. Pain Management in the Cirrhotic Patient: The Clinical Challenge. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 May;85(5):451-8.

Renal dysfunctions

  • Bainbridge D, Cheng DC, Martin JE, Novick R. NSAID-analgesia, Pain Control and Morbidity in Cardiothoracic Surgery. Can J Anaesth. 2006 Jan;53(1):46-59.

  • Chou R, Gordon DB, de Leon-Casasola OA, Rosenberg JM, Bickler S, Brennan T, et al. Management of Postoperative Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists' Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee, and Administrative Council. J Pain. 2016 Feb;17(2):131-57.

  • Raouf M, Atkinson TJ, Crumb MW, Fudin J. Rational Dosing of Gabapentin and Pregabalin in Chronic Kidney Disease. J Pain Res. 2017;10:275-8.

  • Tawfic QA, Bellingham G. Postoperative Pain Management in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2015 Jan-Mar;31(1):6-13.

Patient Specific Factors

Advanced age

  • Falzone E, Hoffmann C, Keita H. Postoperative Analgesia in Elderly Patients. Drugs Aging. 2013 Feb;30(2):81-90.

Chronic pain and/or long-term opiate use

  • Edwards DA, Hedrick TL, Jayaram J, Argoff C, Gulur P, Holubar SD, et al. American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement on Perioperative Management of Patients on Preoperative Opioid Therapy. Anesth Analg. 2019 08;129(2):553-66.

  • McAnally H. Rationale For and Approach to Preoperative Opioid Weaning: A Preoperative Optimization Protocol. Perioper Med (Lond). 2017;6:19.

  • Schwenk ES, Viscusi ER, Buvanendran A, Hurley RW, Wasan AD, Narouze S, et al. Consensus Guidelines on the Use of Intravenous Ketamine Infusions for Acute Pain Management From the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, the American Academy of Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018 Jul;43(5):456-66.

History of difficulty with postop pain management

  • Reference TK

Substance abuse/IV drug abuse related endocarditis

  • Anderson TA, Quaye ANA, Ward EN, Wilens TE, Hilliard PE, Brummett CM. To Stop or Not, That Is the Question: Acute Pain Management for the Patient on Chronic Buprenorphine. Anesthesiology. 2017 Jun;126(6):1180-6.

Uncontrolled anxiety/depressive symptoms

  • Yang MMH, Hartley RL, Leung AA, Ronksley PE, Jetté N, Casha S, et al. Preoperative Predictors of Poor Acute Postoperative Pain Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2019 04 1;9(4):e025091.

System Disorders

Coagulopathy

  • Bouziana SD, Tziomalos K. Clinical relevance of clopidogrel-proton pump inhibitors interaction. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2015 May 6;6(2):17-21.

  • Davidson BL, Verheijen S, Lensing AW, Gebel M, Brighton TA, Lyons RM, et al. Bleeding Risk of Patients with Acute Venous Thromboembolism Taking Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs or Aspirin. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Jun;174(6):947-53.

  • Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, Bittl JA, Bridges CR, Byrne JG, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2011 Dec 6;124(23):e652-735.

  • Horlocker TT, Vandermeuelen E, Kopp SL, Gogarten W, Leffert LR, Benzon HT. Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Fourth Edition). Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018 04;43(3):263-309.

  • Kent AP, Brueckmann M, Fraessdorf M, Connolly SJ, Yusuf S, Eikelboom JW, et al. Concomitant Oral Anticoagulant and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 07 17;72(3):255-67.

Obstructive sleep apnea

  • Miller DW, Avram MJ. Morbid Obesity: Peri-operative Management. Anesthesiology. 2011(2);115:906.

  • Piovezan RD, Kase C, Moizinho R, Tufik S, Poyares D. Gabapentin Acutely Increases the Apnea-hypopnea Index in Older Men: Data From a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study. J Sleep Res. 2017 04;26(2):166-70.